Alteplase is a powerful thrombolytic drug (also known as a ‘clot-busting’ medicine) used in emergency settings to dissolve dangerous blood clots that can block blood flow to vital organs such as the heart, brain, or lungs. It is most commonly prescribed for acute ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction (heart attack), and pulmonary embolism.

What Is Alteplase and How Does It Work?

Alteplase is a recombinant form of human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). It works by converting plasminogen to plasmin an enzyme that dissolves fibrin clots in blood vessels. This helps restore normal blood circulation and minimize tissue damage during life-threatening conditions like stroke and heart attack.

Brand Names of Alteplase Available

• Actilyse
• Activase
• Recombinant tPA Injection

Indications and Uses

• Acute Ischemic Stroke – To restore blood flow to the brain when given within the first few hours of symptoms.
• Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) – Used to dissolve coronary artery clots.
• Pulmonary Embolism – To treat life-threatening clots in the lungs.
• Central Venous Catheter Clearance – Used to clear blocked catheters due to blood clots.

Dosage and Administration

Alteplase is administered intravenously (IV) by a healthcare professional in hospital or emergency settings. The dosage depends on the patient’s weight, diagnosis, and response to therapy. It’s crucial that Alteplase be given as soon as possible after symptom onset for maximum benefit.

Possible Side Effects

Common side effects include mild bleeding or bruising, while serious adverse effects may include:

• Intracranial hemorrhage (brain bleeding)
• Internal bleeding
• Hypotension (low blood pressure)
• Allergic reaction

Patients are closely monitored for bleeding or any neurological changes during and after treatment.

Important Safety Information

• Do not use Alteplase if there is active internal bleeding or a history of recent surgery, head trauma, or stroke within 3 months (unless current ischemic stroke).
• Use with caution in patients taking anticoagulants such as Warfarin or Heparin.
• Not recommended for patients with uncontrolled hypertension or bleeding disorders.

Related Medications

• Enoxaparin (Lovenox) – Low molecular weight heparin anticoagulant.
• Clopidogrel – Antiplatelet drug used for preventing blood clots post-stroke or heart attack.
• Aspirin – Antiplatelet agent for long-term prevention of cardiovascular events.
• Heparin – Fast-acting anticoagulant for DVT and PE treatment.
• Dabigatran – Oral anticoagulant alternative to warfarin.

Storage Instructions

Store below 25°C. Protect from light and do not freeze. Alteplase should be reconstituted and used immediately under medical supervision.

Disclaimer

This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication.

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